Fifty-seven percent of technologists who identify as women say that they have experienced some form of gender discrimination, according to a new Equality in Tech Report from jobs board Dice. 

“There’s no point in debating whether or not inequality still exists – it does,” Dice CEO Art Zeile wrote in the report. “What we should be brainstorming, connecting on, and engaging with are the possible solutions.”

This year marks the first release of the Equality in Tech Report from Dice. The report is based on a survey of more than 9,000 technologists across the U.S. While this report focuses specifically on race and gender equality and discrimination in the tech industry, Dice recognizes that there are numerous other forms and types of discrimination not covered in the report.

Furthermore, acknowledging that gender and racial identifications exist well beyond what is presented in the report, certain demographics that Dice collected data for are not featured due to small sample sizes. These include non-binary and other in gender, as well as Native American/Alaskan Native and other in race. 

Dice also gathered data related to salary differentials by race and gender, but decided not to include this data in the report because of sample sizes and the resulting discrepancies. “This report is too important to be overshadowed by a discussion around the validity of certain data points, and therefore we decided to only feature what is statistically conclusive,” the report states.

More than half of women respondents (53%) stated that they’ve witnessed discrimination in salary or benefits, compared to only a quarter of men who said the same (24%).

Discrimination is also perceived as a limiting factor when it comes to opportunities for career advancement. Forty-seven percent of women respondents said they’ve witnessed discrimination with leadership opportunities, 45% with promotional opportunities, and 32% with project opportunities – more than double each respective response from male respondents.

“Progress has been made, but as you will see from the data in our Equality in Tech Report, we must do better,” Zeile wrote in a blog post. And there is room for improvement: 48% of women respondents said they’ve witnessed discrimination with regard to their technical abilities – in contrast, 24% of men respondents said the same.

When it comes to career advancement, feeding the perception that someone lacks technical abilities can easily prevent them from obtaining vital jobs and promotions. This also extends to pay discrimination. 

Almost half of technologists identifying as women (49%) believe they’re underpaid relative to other people with the same occupation and skill level. This is compared to the 5% of technologists identifying as men who reported feeling underpaid.

According to the report, 55% of Black technologist respondents believe that racial inequality occurs frequently or very frequently in the tech industry. This is the highest of any group in the survey, followed by Hispanic/Latinx respondents (39%), Asian/Pacific Islander respondents (31%), white respondents (30%) and Asian Indian respondents (22%).

Black respondents (48%) were also the most likely to have experienced racial discrimination than all other groups, followed by Hispanic/Latino(a) respondents (30%), Asian/Pacific Islander respondents (25%), Asian Indian respondents (23%), and white respondents (9%).

“While the data confirms that racial discrimination remains an issue for many different racial groups in the tech industry, the ways that technologists of different races witnessed discrimination vary,” the report states.

For Asian/Pacific Islander respondents, discrimination was most commonly witnessed in lack of promotional opportunities (32%), leadership opportunities (32%) and hiring (31%). For Asian Indian respondents, discrimination most impacted leadership opportunities (32%) and promotional opportunities (31%).

The report found that Hispanic/Latinx respondents predominantly witnessed discrimination in hiring (35%), salary and benefits (32%), promotional opportunities (32%) and leadership opportunities (32%). Black respondents were more likely to have witnessed all types of racial discrimination at a significantly higher level than all groups, with leadership opportunities (51%) and salary and benefits.